{"id":51451,"date":"2020-08-13T18:53:22","date_gmt":"2020-08-13T18:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/?p=51451"},"modified":"2020-08-28T17:20:50","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T17:20:50","slug":"dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article was originally published in the June\/July 2020 issue of <\/em>The Catholic Worker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1917, having dropped out of college and moved to New York with her family, Dorothy Day took her first New York job, with a daily Socialist news paper, <em>The Call<\/em>, and settled into her own one-room apartment on Cherry Street. She was 19 years old and quickly overcome by the poverty she encountered and the smell of that poverty inside the tenements she frequented. At this point, she mentions, for the first time, in her major autobiography, &#8220;The Long Loneliness,&#8221; that she could feel \u201cthe spell of the long loneliness descend\u201d on her.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Working 12-hours a day in a politically charged atmosphere, Dorothy\u2019s assignments for <em>The Call <\/em>took her all over the city to picket lines, labor strikes, peace rallies, socialist and anarchist gatherings. At this point, she considered herself \u201cneither a Christian, nor a pacifist\u201d and later came to believe that, despite her pretensions, she was \u201cnot a good radical\u201d either. In April of the same year, she was assigned to go to Washington, D.C. with a group of Columbia University students to protest the passage of the Conscription Act. After her return to New York City, she left <em>The Call <\/em>and began working for <em>The Masses<\/em>. Shortly after <em>The Masses <\/em>was suppressed (because it opposed entry into World War I), Dorothy once again went to Washington, D.C., this time to picket the White House with the suffragists. Those who were arrested refused bail and were put into the House of Detention for the night. Once the new prisoners received their sentences and were transferred to jail, they began a hunger strike to protest the treatment of political prisoners. After 10 days, all their demands were met. But jail was a shock to Dorothy: She was pushed, kicked, dragged, beaten, completely dehumanized. It was a \u201cwound\u201d inflicted upon her that left her with a profound sense of social injustice. During these humiliations, she took comfort in reading the Psalms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Back in New York, she began a literary lifestyle spending time around the Provincetown Playhouse and befriending writers like Eugene O\u2019Neill and Michael Gold. \u201cSuddenly,\u201d however, she notes that a succession of events and \u201cthe tragic aspect of life\u201d began to overwhelm her. \u201cWhat good am I doing my fellow men?\u201d she had written to a friend. \u201cThey are sick and there are not enough nurses to care for them.\u201d Dorothy didn\u2019t want to help the war effort, but with so many nurses now overseas, she felt she had to do something. \u201cNursing the sick was not contrary to my beliefs,\u201d she writes in &#8220;From Union Square to Rome.&#8221; By January 1, 1918, she and her sister, Della, had signed up to become nurses at Kings County Hospital in Brooklyn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dorothy notes that she \u201cworked at the hospital for a year, or until after the influenza epidemic was over.&#8221; Her nurse\u2019s training began in April, and she left the hospital in December. She spent nine months working there during the heart of the pandemic, which persisted until 1920. That pandemic may have killed as many as 50 million people worldwide out of the 500 million or one-third of the world\u2019s population that had become infected. It killed 675,000 people in the United States \u2014 and of the 30,000 New York City dwellers that succumbed to it, 21,000 died between mid-September and mid-November 1918, while Dorothy was working at Kings County Hospital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Initially, Dorothy worked on the \u201cfracture ward,\u201d which was populated with old people in physical and psychic pain who took their frustrations out on the nurses: thro ing things, hurling insults, spitting on the nurses when they tried to bathe them, even tossing their bedpans at them. \u201cWorking on this ward was the hardest part of my hospital career,\u201d writes Dorothy. The 12-hour days, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., were brutal. It was hard labor with little respite. Many would-be nurses soon dropped out but Dorothy and Della remained in the program. Dorothy was nonetheless pushed to her limits: \u201cThis ward broke me; the work was so hard.&#8221; She came to realize how undisciplined her former life had been and to appreciate the order and discipline of her new life on the wards: \u201cWhat discipline I submitted to because I loved the work.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Dorothy moved to the medical wards, she met the influenza epidemic head-on during its most potent phase. The work was unending: change each bed, bathe all patients and rub them down with alcohol every day. At times, a single nurse was responsible for as many as 50 patients. The nurses learned to disregard fatigue but \u201c[they] fell unconscious into [their] beds at night and had to drag [themselves] out of sleep in the morning.&#8221; The patients were poor and uncomplaining. They expected little and \u201caccepted their suffering with stoicism.\u201d \u201cIt was heartbreaking,\u201d Dorothy admits, \u201cto see young people all around us die of the flu.\u201d Yet, \u201cwe did not have time to suffer over the human misery we saw&#8230; Often we had to prepare for the morgue as many as eight corpses a day.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In both accounts that she gives of her experience as a nurse, in 1938 in &#8220;From Union Square to Rome&#8221;<em> <\/em>and in 1952 in &#8220;The Long Loneliness,&#8221; Dorothy stresses the importance of a certain Miss Adams with whom she worked closely, a particularly compassionate and understanding nurse in training, who brought joy to her work and was especially respectful to patients. Miss Adams was a practicing Catholic, close to 30 years of age, who never spoke about her faith. Dorothy immediately saw \u201cthe healthiness of her soul\u201d and began going to mass with her on Sundays. On one of those Sundays, as she knelt in the chapel, Dorothy asked: \u201c\u2018What is man, that Thou art mindful of him, O Lord?\u2018 What are we here for, what are we doing, what was the meaning of our lives?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In January 1919, Dorothy informed the hospital that she would be leaving the nurses training program. The war had ended two months earlier, the influenza epidemic had begun to recede, hundreds of nurses would soon be returning from abroad and, more than anything, she wanted to write.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAfter all,\u201d she writes in &#8220;From Union Square to Rome,&#8221; &#8220;I felt that nursing was not my vocation and that my real work was writing and propaganda.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">She adds later in &#8220;The Long Loneliness,&#8221; while noting the scorn of the superintendent when informed of her leaving: \u201cI had been a good and sympathetic nurse. I knew that I loved the work, and that if I had not had the irresistible urge to write, I would have clung to the profession of nursing as the most noble work women could aspire to.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Situated about a third of the way into &#8220;The Long Loneliness,&#8221; Dorothy\u2019s sudden, courageous, and somewhat surprising one-year nursing career slows down her readers and sends them back to the first pages of her autobiography, where she describes what happened after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake that killed roughly 3,000 people. Dorothy was eight years old living in Oakland when, during the early morning of April 18, the quake hit and lasted \u201ctwo minutes and twenty seconds.\u201d Like World War I and the 1918 Influenza Epidemic, it was \u201can event which threw us out of our complacent happiness into a world of catastrophe.\u201d The whole experience remains \u201cconfused in [her] mind\u201d and linked with her mother\u2019s sudden illness, \u201cboth part of the world\u2019s tragedy to me.\u201d What she nonetheless recalls vividly is \u201cthe joy of doing good, of sharing whatever we had with others after the earthquake&#8230; All the neighbors joined my mother in serving the homeless. Every stitch of available clothing was given away. Only then, did people really live, really love their brothers. In such love was the abundant life and I did not have the slightest idea how to find it.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When I finished reading &#8220;The Long Loneliness&#8221;<em> <\/em>for the first time and understood the scope and length of Dorothy\u2019s deep commitment to the poor, the homeless, and the abandoned, I drifted back to the pages where she describes her days at Kings County Hospital and in particular to her conversation with the assistant superintendent of nurses who spoke of the nobility and dignity of the nursing profession and of \u201c\u2019the sacrament of duty.&#8221; It was clear that \u201cthe sacrament of duty\u201d incarnated the nature of Dorothy\u2019s commitment. I was amazed at how the ending of the autobiography had retrospectively illuminated the path that led to it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dorothy Day&#8217;s nine months as a nurse at the height of a pandemic that killed 50 million people, deepened her commitment to the poor, homeless and abandoned.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":675,"featured_media":51452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,25,27,37,41,42,78],"tags":[55,75,96,99],"region":[],"series":[],"article_type":[],"class_list":["post-51451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-democracy","category-economic-justice","category-gender","category-health","category-history","category-religion","tag-literature","tag-poverty","tag-united-states","tag-war"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic - Fellowship Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dorothy Day&#039;s nine months as a nurse at the height of a pandemic that killed 50 million people helped her understand &quot;the sacrament of duty.&quot;\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dorothy Day&#039;s nine months as a nurse at the height of a pandemic that killed 50 million people helped her understand &quot;the sacrament of duty.&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fellowship Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wagingnonviolence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-13T18:53:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-28T17:20:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1022\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"634\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Patrick Henry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@wagingnv\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@wagingnv\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Patrick Henry\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Patrick Henry\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2133f2284a4267ba4e5b72f686b8df4d\"},\"headline\":\"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-13T18:53:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-28T17:20:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1429,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Literature\",\"Poverty\",\"United States\",\"War\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\",\"Democracy\",\"Economic Justice\",\"Gender and Sexuality\",\"Health Care\",\"History\",\"Religion\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2020\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/\",\"name\":\"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic - Fellowship Magazine\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-13T18:53:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-28T17:20:50+00:00\",\"description\":\"Dorothy Day's nine months as a nurse at the height of a pandemic that killed 50 million people helped her understand \\\"the sacrament of duty.\\\"\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg\",\"width\":1022,\"height\":634,\"caption\":\"Dorothy Day at age 19, in 1916. (Wikimedia)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/\",\"name\":\"Fellowship Magazine\",\"description\":\"Since 1918, the Fellowship of Reconciliation has published the award-winning print magazine Fellowship. It is also now online, offering original grassroots analysis, movement research, first-person commentary, poetry and more to help people of faith and conscience build a nonviolent, compassionate world.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Fellowship Magazine\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/Guns-issue-icon.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/Guns-issue-icon.png\",\"width\":612,\"height\":792,\"caption\":\"Fellowship Magazine\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/wagingnonviolence\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/wagingnv\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/wagingnv\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2133f2284a4267ba4e5b72f686b8df4d\",\"name\":\"Patrick Henry\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/5b864bad1296d8cbbda7120519c1ac25115f803db5b9bdf90e1b468768f01c6e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/5b864bad1296d8cbbda7120519c1ac25115f803db5b9bdf90e1b468768f01c6e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/5b864bad1296d8cbbda7120519c1ac25115f803db5b9bdf90e1b468768f01c6e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Patrick Henry\"},\"description\":\"Patrick Henry is Cushing Eells Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Literature at Whitman College. He is the author of \\\"We Only Know Men: The Rescue of Jews in France during the Holocaust\\\" and the editor of \\\"Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis.\\\"\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wagingnonviolence.org\\\/forusa\\\/author\\\/patrickhenry\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic - Fellowship Magazine","description":"Dorothy Day's nine months as a nurse at the height of a pandemic that killed 50 million people helped her understand \"the sacrament of duty.\"","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic","og_description":"Dorothy Day's nine months as a nurse at the height of a pandemic that killed 50 million people helped her understand \"the sacrament of duty.\"","og_url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/","og_site_name":"Fellowship Magazine","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wagingnonviolence","article_published_time":"2020-08-13T18:53:22+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-08-28T17:20:50+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1022,"height":634,"url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Patrick Henry","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@wagingnv","twitter_site":"@wagingnv","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Patrick Henry","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/"},"author":{"name":"Patrick Henry","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#\/schema\/person\/2133f2284a4267ba4e5b72f686b8df4d"},"headline":"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic","datePublished":"2020-08-13T18:53:22+00:00","dateModified":"2020-08-28T17:20:50+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/"},"wordCount":1429,"commentCount":2,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg","keywords":["Literature","Poverty","United States","War"],"articleSection":["Culture","Democracy","Economic Justice","Gender and Sexuality","Health Care","History","Religion"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2020","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/","url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/","name":"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic - Fellowship Magazine","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg","datePublished":"2020-08-13T18:53:22+00:00","dateModified":"2020-08-28T17:20:50+00:00","description":"Dorothy Day's nine months as a nurse at the height of a pandemic that killed 50 million people helped her understand \"the sacrament of duty.\"","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/1024px-Dorothy_Day_1916.jpg","width":1022,"height":634,"caption":"Dorothy Day at age 19, in 1916. (Wikimedia)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/2020\/08\/dorothy-day-1918-influenza-pandemic\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How Dorothy Day found her calling while fighting the 1918 flu pandemic"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/","name":"Fellowship Magazine","description":"Since 1918, the Fellowship of Reconciliation has published the award-winning print magazine Fellowship. It is also now online, offering original grassroots analysis, movement research, first-person commentary, poetry and more to help people of faith and conscience build a nonviolent, compassionate world.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#organization","name":"Fellowship Magazine","url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/03\/Guns-issue-icon.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/03\/Guns-issue-icon.png","width":612,"height":792,"caption":"Fellowship Magazine"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wagingnonviolence","https:\/\/x.com\/wagingnv","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/wagingnv\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/#\/schema\/person\/2133f2284a4267ba4e5b72f686b8df4d","name":"Patrick Henry","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b864bad1296d8cbbda7120519c1ac25115f803db5b9bdf90e1b468768f01c6e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b864bad1296d8cbbda7120519c1ac25115f803db5b9bdf90e1b468768f01c6e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b864bad1296d8cbbda7120519c1ac25115f803db5b9bdf90e1b468768f01c6e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Patrick Henry"},"description":"Patrick Henry is Cushing Eells Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Literature at Whitman College. He is the author of \"We Only Know Men: The Rescue of Jews in France during the Holocaust\" and the editor of \"Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis.\"","url":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/author\/patrickhenry\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/675"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51451"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51502,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51451\/revisions\/51502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51451"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=51451"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=51451"},{"taxonomy":"article_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/forusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article_type?post=51451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}