Revolutionary Nonviolence: Organizing for Freedom<\/a>,\u201d a short book based on Lawson\u2019s lectures with help from Michael Honey and Kent Wong.<\/p>\n\n\n\nRev. Lawson wants us to think big. What would it take to overcome the power of the gun lobby and reduce violence committed with firearms? What would it take to transform American health care to achieve a single payer system outside the control of profit-driven insurance and pharmaceutical interests? How can workers overturn what he calls \u201cplantation capitalism?\u201d How can we achieve significant cuts in the amount of money the federal government spends each year on war and preparation for war?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He doesn\u2019t have answers. What he offers instead, in the new book, is a huge helping of wisdom. Lawson also offers a method, derived from Gandhi, King, and his own experience in movements for freedom, peace and economic justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to a short biography by Wong included as a chapter in the book, Lawson\u2019s first lunch counter sit-in was in the 1940s, when he was a high school junior in Ohio. Exposed to A.J. Muste and Bayard Rustin in college, Lawson showed his serious commitment to the nonviolent way when he refused induction into the military and spent 14 months in federal prison. Following his release, Lawson went to India to study Gandhi. It was in India that he read about the Montgomery Bus Boycott and decided to return to the U.S. Lawson\u2019s plans to finish graduate study and later head for the segregated South were put on hold when Dr. King told him to \u201ccome now.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Describing himself as \u201ca troubleshooter,\u201d Lawson spent months crisscrossing the south, including significant time in Little Rock aiding the movement for school desegregation before he settled in Nashville. There, he began months of community meetings, study and workshops leading up to the sit-ins that challenged the exclusion of African Americans from downtown lunch-counters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
But desegregating lunch counters was not the point, he insists. \u201cWe did not set out to do a sit-in. We set out to desegregate downtown Nashville,\u201d a goal the community agreed upon based on the testimony of Black women who were fed up with American apartheid. Exactly how much time went into preparing for the campaign\u2019s direct action phase is a little unclear. In one lecture, Lawson refers to four months of workshops and, in another, to nine months of strategizing and analyzing. However many months it took, his point is clear: A serious campaign cannot be developed overnight, but must be based on a serious commitment. Lawson also stresses that the sit-ins were just the first phase of the campaign, which went on for 10 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To carry out what he terms \u201cprotracted struggle,\u201d Lawson teaches a four-step methodology, two steps fewer than King\u2019s but covering essentially the same ground. For Lawson, step one is \u201cfocus,\u201d a term he uses to describe the analysis, community building, community education, and training that are needed to develop a winning strategy, which should precede direct action and enable the adoption of nonviolent discipline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cHe really emphasizes discipline\u201d Mason said. \u201cAnd that it never happens overnight. You know that you invest 10 years in something like when the labor movement exploded in L.A.\u201d The important part \u2014 which Mason said she learned from Lawson \u2014 is what happens \u201cbefore you go into the street.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In an interview for \u201cA Force More Powerful,\u201d Lawson said \u201cYou cannot go on a demonstration with 25 people doing whatever they want to do. The difficulty with nonviolent people and efforts is that they don\u2019t recognize the necessity of fierce discipline and training and strategizing and planning and recruiting and doing the things that you need to do to have a movement. That can\u2019t happen spontaneously, it has to be done systematically.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lawson wants activists to think in terms of campaigns, not one-day protests or marches. \u201cThe march may be the weakest tactic, not the strongest,\u201d he observes. \u201cIt may be the easiest for helping the adrenaline to flow with a lot of people, but it\u2019s an adrenaline that is too quickly drained out of us.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Focus means \u201cyou have to pick one thing,\u201d said Mason, describing what she had learned from Lawson. You need to figure out \u201cthe most impactful thing that you think you can affect, and then have the discipline to work that thing.” For Lawson, that \u201cthing\u201d will be local. \u201cThat\u2019s where you build the power base,\u201d Mason said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step two is negotiation with those standing in the way of justice. \u201cYou must let the folks in power you are talking to know that you are planning a protracted struggle \u2014 not one demonstration but many,\u201d Lawson says. All the activity associated with the focus phase should continue while negotiations go on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step three is direct action, without abandoning the elements of steps one and two.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Finally, step four is follow-up, which includes monitoring implementation of whatever agreements have been reached, planning next steps and attending to necessary healing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lawson\u2019s lessons are illustrated with recollections from several of the movements in which he was deeply involved, including the Memphis sanitation workers union drive, anti-apartheid campaigning in South Africa and the resurgent labor movement in Los Angeles, where he has lived since 1974. The book blends lectures, stories, oral history, interview, memoir and biography, all in a manner that held my attention. It\u2019s not a long read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neither is it a how-to manual or a history. Think of it more as a collection of inspirational talks, which for me served as a complement to other sources, such as the Nashville segment in \u201cA Force More Powerful\u201d and Michael Honey\u2019s 2018 book, \u201cTo the Promised Land: Martin Luther King and the Fight for Economic Justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cI think we have to lay the seeds by which we can take government out of the hands of the oligarchy and out of the hands of the military and put it back into the hands of truth and the beloved community. That needs to be our goal in the 21st century, and I think it\u2019s a goal that we can achieve if all around the country ordinary people get involvedt\u201d says James Lawson. That means protracted struggle waged by a strategic and disciplined nonviolent movement, not just a series of marches or \u201cclick here” action alerts. Lawson doesn\u2019t tell us exactly how we can organize \u201ca massive nonviolent movement to out-organize the forces of systemic racism and violence,\u201d but his lessons can help us find the way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now in his 90s, Lawson is still speaking and teaching. At his workshops, \u201cThere will always be a moment where he would just be casually talking. And he’d share a piece of history that you knew was not in any book,\u201d Mason said. If you\u2019re in L.A., maybe you can attend. You can also check out the annual workshops offered by the James Lawson Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I probably won\u2019t get to have that experience, but at least I\u2019ve got a copy of \u201cRevolutionary Nonviolence.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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