{"id":826,"date":"2025-12-15T21:58:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T21:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/ipra\/?p=826"},"modified":"2026-01-30T23:02:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T23:02:24","slug":"germany-draft-military-conscription-resistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/ipra\/2025\/12\/germany-draft-military-conscription-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"Germans are not falling in line for the new military draft"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<a id='b_s3x2IUTHl9qrJOha4JVg' class='gie-single' href='https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/2249474446' target='_blank' style='color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;'>Embed from Getty Images<\/a><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'b_s3x2IUTHl9qrJOha4JVg',sig:'ne5XveYKxqIz15srFzcIZikRdGGxJW7SNaS7Hwq1Q1c=',w:'594px',h:'396px',items:'2249474446',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});<\/script><script src='\/\/embed-cdn.gettyimages.com\/widgets.js' charset='utf-8' async><\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On Dec. 5, the German Bundestag <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/ckg9drg8pg1o\">gave its final approval<\/a> to a law that, beginning in 2026, will require all German men to fill out a registration form for military service when they reach age 18. Responses to the questionnaire will be used to generate a list of potential draftees to be used if military conscription is activated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the day of the vote in the Bundestag, 5,000 people attended an anti-draft march in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/politik-gesellschaft\/schueler-protestieren-gegen-wehrpflicht-ich-will-nicht-dazu-gezwungen-werden-jemand-zu-toeten-li.10008843\">Berlin<\/a> , with thousands more rallying in <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/video\/protest-in-hamburg-as-german-lawmakers-approve-plan-to-attract-more-military-recruits-86528f4362da4e9e8323161b2086fc07\">Hamburg<\/a> and other cities. A <a href=\"https:\/\/schulstreikgegenwehrpflicht.com\/\">School Strike Against the Draft<\/a> also involved students in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2025\/dec\/05\/german-mps-rubberstamp-military-service-plan-amid-school-pupil-protests\">at least 90 cities and towns<\/a> throughout Germany.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This revision to <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/international\/index.html#Germany\">German military conscription law<\/a> has been widely misunderstood, with many news stories reporting that the scheme is voluntary (it isn\u2019t, although the amount of the administrative fine for noncompliance has not yet been determined) or that it reflects a rejection of conscription. In fact, the German government\u2019s intention is to make a show of <em>increased<\/em> readiness to quickly implement an on-demand draft whenever that is deemed \u201cnecessary\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viewed from the United States, what\u2019s most striking about the new German law is how much it resembles the <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/advice\/selective-service.html\">Selective Service<\/a> registration scheme in effect in the U.S. since 1980. The new German law also draws on some of the proposals <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/NCMNPS\/report.html\">considered<\/a> by the U.S. <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/NCMNPS\/\">National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service<\/a> from 2017 to 2020. These proposals recommended advanced collection of additional information about potential draftees\u2019 skills and fitness for military assignments, and increased use of the Selective Service registration process as a marketing opportunity to promote voluntary enlistment in the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new German law appears likely to backfire on the government in the same ways that draft registration has in the U.S. First, it will make <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/advice\/\">potential draftees<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/reasons\/ageism.html\">older allies<\/a> more aware of the government\u2019s commitment to the legitimacy of military conscription and desire to be prepared to activate a draft whenever it so chooses. Second, it will catalyze <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/background.html#history\">anti-draft organizing<\/a> and draft resistance. And third, it will provide potential draftees with the opportunity, through the relatively low-risk tactic of foot-dragging \u2014 or ignoring demands for self-enrollment in the conscription registry \u2014 to show their unwillingness to be drafted. That was the message sent by the <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/compliance.html\">failure of draft registration<\/a> in the U.S.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the U.S., voluntary <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/compliance.html\">compliance<\/a> with the legal mandate for self-registration was low from the revival of the program in 1980, and <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/compliance.html\">collapsed completely<\/a> once it became clear that enforcement against passive mass noncooperation was impossible and wouldn\u2019t be attempted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The biggest mistake of the U.S. government when it reinstated the requirement for young men to register for the draft in 1980 was to take young people\u2019s subservience for granted and not make any plans for enforcement. The brief round of <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/prosecutions\/\">show trials of nonregistrants for the draft<\/a> in the U.S. in the 1980s was a public relations disaster for the government. That was in significant part because it was a hasty and somewhat desperate response to an unanticipated crisis of public confidence in the registration system and contingency plans for a draft prompted by growing public awareness of widespread <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/compliance.html\">nonregistration<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Germany appears to be making the same naive mistake today. I can find no evidence of any plan by the German government for enforcement of the registration requirement against the inevitable resistance, both active and passive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enactment of the new German law, after a hiatus in conscription in Germany since 2011, seems to reflect the same wishful thinking that drove enactment of the U.S. law in 1980 to resume draft registration after a five-year hiatus. Threats and increased&nbsp; preparations for military conscription don\u2019t make potential draftees more likely to volunteer for military duty, especially for foreign wars. Recent experience in the U.S. shows that <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/blog\/archives\/002751.html\">heightened fear of war<\/a> and of activation of a draft drives compliance with draft registration down, not up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a id='o4fr0Y90TbN3FD6LxFsCCA' class='gie-single' href='https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/2249474314' target='_blank' style='color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;'>Embed from Getty Images<\/a><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'o4fr0Y90TbN3FD6LxFsCCA',sig:'2wDU_m4Zc_bo67-8Niyny7LMeKn86wW6CwknoYivP7s=',w:'594px',h:'396px',items:'2249474314',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});<\/script><script src='\/\/embed-cdn.gettyimages.com\/widgets.js' charset='utf-8' async><\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stated goal of reviving draft registration in the U.S. in 1980 was, in the words of President Jimmy Carter, to \u201csend a message to the Russians\u201d about U.S. willingness to fight the USSR in Afghanistan. Instead, the message it sent was that young Americans weren\u2019t willing to fight and die for the side the U.S. was then backing in Afghanistan, which included those who would come to call themselves the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Not until after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001 \u2014 by which time the U.S. was backing the opposite side in the continuing war \u2014 did the U.S. put boots on the ground in Afghanistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The German government is trying to send the same two contradictory messages through its new draft registration scheme that the U.S. has been trying unsuccessfully to send for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the one hand, Germany is trying to reassure potential cannon fodder that this isn\u2019t (yet) a draft, and that enlistment in the military is still (for now) voluntary, just as the U.S. harps on the same message about Selective Service registration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other hand, Germany wants to tell the world, and especially Russian President Vladimir Putin, that preparedness for a draft shows that Germans are prepared to fight and die to counter Russian aggression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But young Germans are no dumber than young Americans, and neither is Putin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When draft-age men are ordered, under penalty of law, to provide personal information to the government for no other purpose than to facilitate a return to conscription if the government later makes that choice, young people will correctly conclude that this means the government is planning and preparing for a draft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Putin sees more Germans marching in the streets against military conscription than marching into recruiting offices, or sees them ignoring calls to report for questioning and examination for fitness for the military, he will correctly conclude that most draft-age Germans aren\u2019t willing to die for Ukraine, no matter what their elders want.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young Germans will be especially reluctant to submit to a draft while they know that their euros are funding the Russian war machine through German purchases of Russian gas. Are German politicians and German voters, or at least those of them who are too old to be drafted, more willing to sacrifice their sons\u2019 lives in Ukraine than to turn down the thermostats in their homes in the winter?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/parlament\/plenum\/abstimmung\/abstimmung?id=984\">vote<\/a> following the final <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/dokumente\/protokolle\/vorlaeufig\/21048-1129396\">debate<\/a> in the Bundestag was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/resource\/blob\/1129378\/20251205_1.pdf\">323 to 272 with one abstention and 34 absences<\/a> \u2014 neither close nor overwhelming. The Left Party put forward a <a href=\"https:\/\/dserver.bundestag.de\/btd\/21\/014\/2101488.pdf\">counter-proposal<\/a> also supported by the Greens to completely repeal the provision of the \u201cBasic Law\u201d (Germany\u2019s Constitution) that authorizes the government to impose military conscription.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As <a href=\"https:\/\/dserver.bundestag.de\/btd\/21\/030\/2103076.pdf\">amended<\/a> and enacted, the \u201cMilitary Conscription Modernization\u201d law authorizes the government to activate a draft through a \u201cstatutory instrument\u201d (like a \u201cregulation\u201d in the U.S.), without the need to enact a new law. This could be done whenever the government decides that not enough people have volunteered for military duty. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.de\/publikationen\/Rechtsgutachten_zum_neuen_Wehrpflichtgesetz.pdf\">Critics of the new law<\/a> have questioned whether this attempt to fast-track implementation of a future draft, without a full legislative process and debate, comports with the \u201cBasic Law\u201d. But whether or not this provision of the new law is upheld by the German Constitutional Court, it shows that the government\u2019s goal is to put military conscription on a hair-trigger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beginning in 2026, each German will be sent a questionnaire on their 18th birthday asking them to provide contact information for future military induction orders, and to answer questions about their fitness for military service. Men will be required by law to complete the questionnaire, while <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/drat\/women\/\">women<\/a> will have the option to respond, but can legally ignore the questionnaire. It\u2019s unclear if the requirement to fill out the form will be based on current gender identity or sex as assigned at birth, or how it will be applied to non-binary Germans with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.germany.info\/us-en\/service\/04-familymatters\/self-determination-2671874\">self-selected X gender markers<\/a> on their official documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each German resident is already required to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmi.bund.de\/EN\/topics\/administrative-reform\/registration\/registration-node.html\">register their address<\/a> with the government, but the military conscription questionnaire includes questions that aren\u2019t included in this existing address registry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t#newsletter-block_28645ce82bcea41cfc97f0bd5175197f {\n\t\t\t\tbackground: #ececec;\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\n\t\t#newsletter-block_28645ce82bcea41cfc97f0bd5175197f #mc_embed_signup_front input#mce-EMAIL {\n\t\t\t\tborder-color:#000000 !important;\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000 !important;\n\t\t}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"newsletter-block_28645ce82bcea41cfc97f0bd5175197f\" class=\"newsletter px-4 pt-4 pb-2 text-center mb-4\">\n    <div class=\"newsletter-block\">\n        <h3 class=\"newsletter-block\">Sign Up for our Newsletter<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"newsletter-description\">We&#8217;ll send you a weekly email with the latest articles.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"newsletter-form-wrapper\">\n          <div id=\"mc_embed_signup_front\" class=\"py-3 w-100\">\n  <form action=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.us2.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=f279f100fef8b39c61c33aef1&amp;id=615747eb15\" method=\"post\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" name=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" class=\"validate\" target=\"_blank\" novalidate>\n    <div id=\"mc_embed_signup_scroll\">\n      <div class=\"mc-field-group input-group\">\n        <input type=\"email\" value=\"\" name=\"EMAIL\" class=\"required email form-control\" placeholder=\"Email Address\" id=\"mce-EMAIL\">\n        <div class=\"input-group-append\">\n          <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" name=\"subscribe\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe\" class=\"d-flex btn btn-sm btn-yellow\">\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- real people should not fill this in and expect good things - do not remove this or risk form bot signups-->\n      <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -5000px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"b_f279f100fef8b39c61c33aef1_79af2f1e5e\" tabindex=\"-1\" value=\"\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div id=\"mce-responses\" class=\"clear\">\n        <div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-error-response\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-success-response\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/form>\n<\/div>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There\u2019s no penalty for failing to respond to the initial letter. That\u2019s probably because it will be sent by regular mail and the government won\u2019t be able to prove that it was received. This echoes the situation in the U.S., where the greatest obstacle to enforcement of the draft law against quiet or <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/advice\/public-private.html\">closeted<\/a> non-registrants for the draft is the lack of evidence that their failure to register was \u201cknowing and willful\u201d. Without proof of delivery, <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/advice\/threatening-letters.html\">threatening letters<\/a> from the U.S. Selective Service System are junk mail. Non-registrants could be <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/prosecutions\/\">prosecuted<\/a> only on the basis of signatures on registered letters, testimony of FBI agents who personally served them with notice to register, or public statements that they knew they were required to register. While the German postal system is more reliable than that in the U.S., the same enforcement law is likely to apply to Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a German man doesn\u2019t respond to the first questionnaire, he will be <a href=\"https:\/\/e-justice.europa.eu\/topics\/court-procedures\/civil-cases\/service-documents-official-transmission-legal-documents\/de_en\">served<\/a> by provable delivery with a second questionnaire. Failure to complete and return the second questionnaire is a violation for which an administrative fine could be assessed, although the amount of that fine has not yet been determined. That\u2019s one of the indications that the German government isn\u2019t yet planning for noncompliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/dfg-vk.de\/ziviler-ungehorsam-gegen-neuen-wehrdienst\/\">call for civil disobedience<\/a> against the new military conscription law from the <a href=\"https:\/\/dfg-vk.de\/\">Deutsche-Friedensgesellschaft Vereinigte Kriegsdienstgegner<\/a>, the German affiliate of the War Resisters International, notes that the first letter can legally be ignored, returned late, not returned at all \u2014 or shredded as an act of protest. \u201cThe more sand is thrown into the gears of the Bundeswehr [German armed forces],\u201d the statement reads, \u201cthe greater the likelihood that the person will be dismissed. The troops have no use for troublemakers.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As with <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/background.html#history\">the reintroduction of draft registration in the U.S.<\/a> in the 1980s, what \u2014 if anything \u2014 is done to those who quietly ignore or publicly repudiate the second formally-served demand letter will depend on how many of these resisters there are, and how much organized, public support they have.The U.S. example shows that resistance to draft registration can prevent a draft. The passage of this new law isn\u2019t the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/hasbrouck.org\/draft\/international\/#Germany\">debate on military conscription in Germany<\/a>. It\u2019s the start of the test of whether Germans will submit to, or will resist, the government\u2019s attempt to gear up for a draft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Widespread protests across Germany are a sign that the new military conscription legislation will face fierce noncooperation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":822,"featured_media":829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[18,106,104,42,116,77],"region":[3],"series":[],"article_type":[],"class_list":["post-826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-militarism","tag-conscription","tag-germany","tag-history","tag-marches","tag-militarism","tag-united-states","region-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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