{"id":52213,"date":"2022-05-24T17:15:31","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T17:15:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/?p=52213"},"modified":"2022-06-08T18:19:43","modified_gmt":"2022-06-08T18:19:43","slug":"indigenous-sami-people-gallok-mine-false-climate-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/2022\/05\/indigenous-sami-people-gallok-mine-false-climate-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"How climate solutions promoted by Western governments avoid what needs to be done"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhat local people?\u201d This was the highly controversial question posed in 2014 by the former head of the British mining company Beowulf \u2014 to dismiss concerns over the impacts of a proposed iron-ore mine on the Indigenous S\u00e1mi people. The project is set to take place in G\u00e1llok, an Arctic region located within S\u00e1pmi. This is the name of the ancestral territory of the S\u00e1mi, who have lived in reciprocity with all sentient beings dwelling in this part of the world since time immemorial. That is, until this way of living was assaulted through the colonization by Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Almost eight years later, in late March 2022, Sweden\u2019s social-democratic government finally awarded a mining license for G\u00e1llok. Despite many efforts to stop the project, the government decided to side with Beowulf, ignoring the wide chorus of criticism by S\u00e1mi governing bodies, environmental activists, scientific experts and leading international organizations. Based on Western governments\u2019 current transition plans, this decision could pave the way for ever more erasure of Indigenous livelihoods, destruction of biodiversity and violations of fundamental rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In February 2013, the government agency that oversees mining interests \u2014 the Swedish Geological Society \u2014 designated G\u00e1llok as \u201can area of national interest for minerals.\u201d This decision gave the green light to start exploratory drilling in G\u00e1llok. In response, the S\u00e1mi and their allies mobilized one of the most significant resistance movements against extraction industries in Sweden to date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beowulf\u2018s&nbsp;planned&nbsp;iron mine would perpetuate previous issues tied to extraction industries in S\u00e1pmi, such as the violation of fundamental Indigenous rights, the eradication of the reindeer\u2019s seasonal migration patterns and the degradation of rivers. Moreover, the area is a living entity in its own right, and an open-pit iron-ore mine would endanger the lands\u2019 own rights to exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cToday, our reindeer have to live with the negative impacts of \u2018renewable\u2019 energy production and large-scale forestry,\u201d said Jan-Erik L\u00e4nta, whose reindeer herding community would be affected by the mine. \u201cIn addition, we also have to work around infrastructures and deficient conservation policies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to L\u00e4nta, S\u00e1pmi is already experiencing aggregated effects of a warming climate, which is amplifying their issues even more. \u201cThere is no more room for a co-existence between S\u00e1mi livelihoods and extractive industries,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote alignright is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>While global ecological breakdown disproportionately benefits a small elite, the impacts are imposed on the global majority, largely Black, Indigenous and people of color, especially women and workers. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both private and state-owned companies increasingly claim that their projects in S\u00e1pmi&nbsp;are \u201cgreen\u201d and could help ease the impacts of climate change. For example, Swedish companies like Sveaskog rebranded its tree plantations in the region as \u201ccarbon storage facilities.&#8221; Meanwhile, LKAB legitimizes its mining operations in S\u00e1pmi&nbsp;through decarbonization, and Vattenfall obscures the detrimental environmental impact of their dams by emphasizing that they produce \u201crenewable energy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since its inception, Swedish governments repeatedly refused to take measures that would counteract the systemic violation of the Indigenous inhabitants who live on the lands Sweden claims for itself. For example, they have not ratified international conventions for the protection of Indigenous rights, including the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention Nr. 169 by the International Labour Organization. Quite the contrary, Swedish colonialism&nbsp;is sustained and promoted via&nbsp;a revolving door between the leadership of international corporations, industry lobbyists and high-ranking government officials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Together, they advocate&nbsp;false climate solutions across&nbsp;economies&nbsp;that stretch well beyond S\u00e1pmi. For example, a new deep-sea wire recently set up to transfer wind and water energy extracted from S\u00e1pmi&nbsp;to continental Europe has been dubbed \u201cthe green link.\u201d Despite the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2020\/8\/1\/green-colonialism-is-ruining-indigenous-lives-in-norway\">well-established disastrous impacts<\/a> of wind and water industries on S\u00e1mi communities, the Dutch, German and Norwegian companies behind the initiative pride themselves on making <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wireshow.com\/ens\/resource_en\/show-71.html\">\u201cgreen energy available safely and affordably in the E.U.<\/a>\u201d This exemplifies the widespread disregard of these actors when it comes to&nbsp;the upstream consequences of their projects, especially for&nbsp;Indigenous communities like the S\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/05\/Gallok_FFF_Saminuorra_5feb22_230_2160px_CJUTSI-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/05\/Gallok_FFF_Saminuorra_5feb22_230_2160px_CJUTSI-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/05\/Gallok_FFF_Saminuorra_5feb22_230_2160px_CJUTSI-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/05\/Gallok_FFF_Saminuorra_5feb22_230_2160px_CJUTSI-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/05\/Gallok_FFF_Saminuorra_5feb22_230_2160px_CJUTSI-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/05\/Gallok_FFF_Saminuorra_5feb22_230_2160px_CJUTSI-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/05\/Gallok_FFF_Saminuorra_5feb22_230_2160px_CJUTSI-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>People from the S\u00e1mi youth organization S\u00e1minuorra preparing for a manifestion in G\u00e1llok during Winter 2022. (RS\/Carl-Johan Utsi)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Greenwashing colonial exploitation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast to common perceptions, colonization is not driven exclusively by settlements, military conquest and corporate expropriation \u2014 nor are its impacts limited to far off people and lands. Today, colonization is maintained via neo-colonial institutions. Authorities simply point to seemingly objective legal codes and technocratic administrations to repackage and legitimize their exploitative violence as a necessary evil for the so-called greater good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To distract from the structural devastation of&nbsp;extractive economies&nbsp;on Indigenous people, colonial states like Sweden often point towards&nbsp;consultations as a mechanism to ensure checks and balances. However,&nbsp;Indigenous communities and researchers regularly report how such processes end up in favor of corporations. In practice, most of these consultations are merely a smoke-screen for colonial exploitation, ignoring key principles like free, prior and informed consent. These principles are protected by international human rights recognizing the right of people to self-determine how they chose to pursue their economic, social and cultural development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2020, for example, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination evaluated a mine, similar to the one proposed in G\u00e1llok, built on the lands of the Vapsten S\u00e1mi reindeer herding community. In <a href=\"https:\/\/login.squarespace.com\/api\/1\/login\/oauth\/provider\/authorize?client_id=qNgYXXcY8Fa8M&amp;redirect_uri=https:\/\/wolverine-opossum-zznd.squarespace.com\/auth\/oauth\/connect?destinationUrl=https%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Fwolverine-opossum-zznd.squarespace.com%2525252Fconfig%2525252F%2525253FframeUrl%2525253D%2525252Fdocumentarchive%2525252Fcerd-decision-ronnbacken-case&amp;state=1:1648127017:pV8iPFWqiDIz8z3sjitHdV1AraOGoNputuyCerSefOw=&amp;overrideLocale=en-US&amp;options=%25257B%252522isCloseVisible%252522:false,%252522isCreateAccountViewActive%252522:false%25257D\">its report<\/a>, the committee highlighted how state-sanctioned consultation processes in Sweden create a perception of choice while reducing fundamental rights to mere economic interests. For example, consultations do not allow S\u00e1mi communities to reject projects \u2014 their inclusion is only meant to \u201cpolish the project somewhat from a reindeer herding perspective.\u201d The committee declared&nbsp;these practices as acts of racial discrimination on several accounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote alignleft is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>If we are to avert a climate dystopia and create a just, healthy and sustainable future for all, then we must support Indigenous communities\u2019 self-determination.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond attempts at greenwashing, Western states continue to justify colonial practices by rendering the colonized unfit to govern themselves and their lands. This approach invalidates traditional livelihoods and allows for the creation of sacrifice zones, for example, as happened by the flooding of areas in S\u00e1pmi during the construction of water dams. Concerns for the climate crisis result in the creation of new sacrifice zones. This green colonialism is facilitated by the expansion of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2020\/8\/1\/green-colonialism-is-ruining-indigenous-lives-in-norway\">wind industry in S\u00e1pmi<\/a>, promoted by private investors like German Aquila Capital or international banks like Credit Suisse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Given the West\u2019s continuous<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2021\/5\/6\/rich-countries-drained-152tn-from-the-global-south-since-1960\">&nbsp;prioritization of economic growth<\/a>, every stopped project in one sacrifice zone increases pressures in another. This is not a matter of single-issue politics; it is a systemic failure that turns&nbsp;the entire planet into a sacrifice zone.&nbsp;Decisions like a mine&nbsp;in G\u00e1llok&nbsp;strengthen the role of short-term economic gains to guide how social progress is evaluated.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While global ecological breakdown disproportionately benefits a small elite, the impacts are&nbsp;imposed on the global majority, largely Black, Indigenous and people of color, especially women and workers.&nbsp;This is exemplified by the fact that high-consumption countries in the global North alone are responsible for<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2542519620301960\">&nbsp;92 percent of emissions in excess of the planetary boundary<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bottom line is that most current climate solutions promoted by Western governments ransom our collective future by pitting people against one another. In S\u00e1pmi, for example, these solutions rely on&nbsp;forest workers, miners, and public servants to carry out&nbsp;fundamental rights violations, forced&nbsp;displacements and extermination of ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We must hold actors that promote such unjust and misleading climate solutions accountable. A key aspect of this work is to resist the spread of fraudulent environmentally-friendly language, dismantle racism and nurture narratives to counter the monolith of Western techno-utopias. As Indigenous communities across the world have repeatedly highlighted: the idea of destroying nature to protect her is ill-fated at best and fatal at worst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t#newsletter-block_628cf3480a3ac {\n\t\t\t\tbackground: #ececec;\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\n\t\t#newsletter-block_628cf3480a3ac #mc_embed_signup_front input#mce-EMAIL {\n\t\t\t\tborder-color:#000000 !important;\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000 !important;\n\t\t}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"newsletter-block_628cf3480a3ac\" class=\"newsletter px-4 pt-4 pb-2 text-center mb-4\">\n    <div class=\"newsletter-block\">\n        <h3 class=\"newsletter-block\">Sign Up for our Newsletter<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"newsletter-description\">We&#8217;ll send you a weekly email with the latest articles.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"newsletter-form-wrapper\">\n          <div id=\"mc_embed_signup_front\" class=\"py-3 w-100\">\n  <form action=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.us2.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=f279f100fef8b39c61c33aef1&amp;id=615747eb15\" method=\"post\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" name=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" class=\"validate\" target=\"_blank\" novalidate>\n    <div id=\"mc_embed_signup_scroll\">\n      <div class=\"mc-field-group input-group\">\n        <input type=\"email\" value=\"\" name=\"EMAIL\" class=\"required email form-control\" placeholder=\"Email Address\" id=\"mce-EMAIL\">\n        <div class=\"input-group-append\">\n          <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" name=\"subscribe\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe\" class=\"d-flex btn btn-sm btn-yellow\">\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- real people should not fill this in and expect good things - do not remove this or risk form bot signups-->\n      <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -5000px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"b_f279f100fef8b39c61c33aef1_79af2f1e5e\" tabindex=\"-1\" value=\"\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div id=\"mce-responses\" class=\"clear\">\n        <div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-error-response\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-success-response\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/form>\n<\/div>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To promote genuine climate solutions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;Indigenous Environmental Network recently looked at the impact of Indigenous-led resistance to fossil fuel projects across Turtle Island \u2014 the landmass commonly referred to as North America. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ienearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Indigenous-Resistance-Against-Carbon-2021.pdf\">They found<\/a>&nbsp;that in the last decade, \u201cIndigenous opposition has stopped or delayed greenhouse gas pollution equivalent to at least one-quarter of annual U.S. and Canadian emissions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The historical forces of colonization have tied our fates together. If we are to avert a climate dystopia and create a just, healthy and sustainable future for all, then we must support Indigenous communities\u2019 self-determination, learn with Indigenous knowledge holders, and return stolen lands into the hands of their ancestral custodians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cToday, the S\u00e1mi are required to appeal to colonial governments and their legal frameworks to raise concerns about projects impacting our lands,\u201d said Sanna Vannar, whose reindeer herding community will also be affected by the mining project in G\u00e1llok. \u201cBut we never gave up our territories. S\u00e1mi customary law and land management should have the final say on any initiatives in S\u00e1pmi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under present political structures, S\u00e1mi are constantly forced to navigate their lives in relation to all kinds of colonial intrusions, from discriminatory policies to hate speech and extractive industries. The movement in G\u00e1llok is not simply a reaction to Beowulf&#8217;s plans to build an iron ore mine. The effort to protect livelihoods, culture and lands doesn&#8217;t stop with G\u00e1llok. Theirs is a radical politics of refusal connected to generations of S\u00e1mi who have struggled for their people&#8217;s legitimate right to self-determination<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We have to provide the necessary space to address how current practices by Western governments and complicit companies reproduce structures of oppression and violence. These processes require us to, for example, nurture reciprocal relationships, transition our communities to become caretakers in service of the planet and abolish anthropocentric worldviews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The climate emergency is a systemic issue. There is no space for green-washed justifications of business as usual. Projects like the mine in G\u00e1llok are designed to feed the same capitalist monsters that are responsible for escalating the climate crisis. Together, we have the tools and knowledge to make false climate solutions obsolete, emphasizing our collective creativity, love and imagination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The S\u00e1mi\u2019s traditional ways of living in symbiosis with their lands, through reindeer herding, fishing and hunting, provide the most consistent approach to achieving reciprocal relations between humans and nature in S\u00e1pmi&nbsp;today. They teach us that genuine climate solutions require the implementation of just transformations, inserting communal self-determination, restoring the rivers and letting the reindeer roam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead of forcing S\u00e1mi to adapt their livelihood and cultural practices to a mine in G\u00e1llok, we should support them to develop on their own terms as a free Indigenous people.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As Sweden backs a new iron-ore mine, the impacted S\u00e1mi people emphasize the urgent need for real climate solutions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":769,"featured_media":52207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,46],"tags":[17,75,109],"region":[31],"series":[],"article_type":[],"class_list":["post-52213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-indigenous","tag-climate-change","tag-protests","tag-sweden","region-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How climate solutions promoted by Western governments avoid what needs to be done<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As Sweden backs a new iron-ore mine, the impacted Indigenous S\u00e1mi people emphasize the urgent need for real climate solutions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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