{"id":52248,"date":"2022-06-27T16:42:51","date_gmt":"2022-06-27T16:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/?p=52248"},"modified":"2022-07-12T15:57:34","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T15:57:34","slug":"how-australian-lawmakers-have-used-9-11-threaten-civil-liberties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/rs\/2022\/06\/how-australian-lawmakers-have-used-9-11-threaten-civil-liberties\/","title":{"rendered":"How Australian lawmakers have used 9\/11 to threaten civil liberties"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a long time, Australia was known as a country with a high level of social and political freedom. Even though the history of the land lies in colonialism <a>\u2014<\/a> with the arrival of convicts and settlers from Britain in 1788 who took over the land from Indigenous peoples \u2014 Australia was noted for some progressive social developments in the 1800s, including introducing the secret ballot, votes for women, and the eight-hour workday.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This changed after the 9\/11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. The Australian government has since passed 92 anti-terror laws, the most of any comparable country, despite the absence of significant terrorist attacks on Australian soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of these laws involve reductions in civil liberties, including freedom of speech. Each of these laws was passed with support from the two main political parties: the Australian Labor Party and the Liberal-National-Party Coalition. For decades, one or the other of these parties has formed the government but, in any case, whichever major party is in opposition also supports the laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Politicians justify the laws as necessary for dealing with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/oct\/13\/welcome-to-authoritarian-australia-where-more-anti-terror-laws-wont-keep-us-safe\">terrorism<\/a>, or sometimes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.securityweek.com\/australia-anti-encryption-law-rushed-passage\">pedophile rings or organized crime.<\/a> Because of secrecy provisions, it\u2019s very hard to find out how often the laws have been used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t#newsletter-block_62b5d8ea9d867 {\n\t\t\t\tbackground: #ececec;\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\n\t\t#newsletter-block_62b5d8ea9d867 #mc_embed_signup_front input#mce-EMAIL {\n\t\t\t\tborder-color:#000000 !important;\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000 !important;\n\t\t}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"newsletter-block_62b5d8ea9d867\" class=\"newsletter px-4 pt-4 pb-2 text-center mb-4\">\n    <div class=\"newsletter-block\">\n        <h3 class=\"newsletter-block\">Sign Up for our Newsletter<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"newsletter-description\">We&#8217;ll send you a weekly email with the latest articles.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"newsletter-form-wrapper\">\n          <div id=\"mc_embed_signup_front\" class=\"py-3 w-100\">\n  <form action=\"https:\/\/wagingnonviolence.us2.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=f279f100fef8b39c61c33aef1&amp;id=615747eb15\" method=\"post\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" name=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" class=\"validate\" target=\"_blank\" novalidate>\n    <div id=\"mc_embed_signup_scroll\">\n      <div class=\"mc-field-group input-group\">\n        <input type=\"email\" value=\"\" name=\"EMAIL\" class=\"required email form-control\" placeholder=\"Email Address\" id=\"mce-EMAIL\">\n        <div class=\"input-group-append\">\n          <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" name=\"subscribe\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe\" class=\"d-flex btn btn-sm btn-yellow\">\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- real people should not fill this in and expect good things - do not remove this or risk form bot signups-->\n      <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -5000px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"b_f279f100fef8b39c61c33aef1_79af2f1e5e\" tabindex=\"-1\" value=\"\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div id=\"mce-responses\" class=\"clear\">\n        <div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-error-response\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n        <div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-success-response\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/form>\n<\/div>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two aspects to the increasing <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.getup.org.au\/2836-GetUp-Democracy-Dossier.pdf\">threats to freedom in Australia<\/a>. The first is the introduction of laws (and amendments to existing ones) with extensive powers that can be used against dissent. It is almost impossible to know how they\u2019re being used due to extreme secrecy provisions and heavy penalties for disclosure. The second aspect is overt attacks on whistleblowers and journalists. These attacks show that anyone seeking to expose government crimes or secrets, or to challenge government agendas, is open to persecution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Anti-terrorism laws open to abuse<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are some of the laws that have triggered the greatest concern among defenders of civil liberties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Preventative detention: Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ag.gov.au\/national-security\/australias-counter-terrorism-laws\/preventative-detention-orders\">federal, state and territory laws<\/a>, all passed after 9\/11, people can be detained by a security agency without being charged or even suspected of terrorism offenses. The grounds for detention can be kept secret and there is no effective way to challenge the detention. The penalty for revealing that you or someone else has been detained is up to five years in prison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.auspublaw.org\/2020\/02\/a-window-for-change-why-the-australian-metadata-retention-scheme-lags-behind-the-eu-and-usa\/\">Metadata retention<\/a>: Under the 2015 amendments to the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act, companies are required to keep records of every call made, including the numbers of the caller and receiver and when the call started and ended (but not the content of the call). Metadata are kept for two years and can be accessed by security agencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/australia-s-unprecedented-encryption-law-is-a-threat-to-global-privacy\/\">Encryption breaking<\/a>: Under the 2018 amendments to Telecommunications Act, technology companies are required to provide, on demand, access to encrypted communications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.australianbookreview.com.au\/features\/abr-online-exclusives\/225-abr-online-exclusives\/5967-hot-water-by-kieran-pender\">National security whistleblowing and journalism<\/a>: Under the 2018 amendments to the 1914 Crimes Act, if anyone working in national security reveals anything \u2014 abuse, corruption, human rights violations \u2014 to an outsider, they can go to prison for up to 10 years. If a journalist reports on a national security matter, they also can go to prison for 10 years. \u201cNational security\u201d is defined broadly to include anything affecting Australian politics and economics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Identify and detect: A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.au\/Details\/C2021A00098\">2021 amendment<\/a> to the Surveillance Devices Act 2004 gives the Australian Federal Police, or AFP, the power to steal or gain access to anyone\u2019s computer and to delete, change or add material. The AFP can access people\u2019s social media accounts, with similar power. The AFP can order any person or organization to provide this access, with penalties for noncooperation of years in prison. Revealing an identify-and-detect operation can lead to prison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several ways in which these anti-terrorism laws could be misused. Imagine that senior national security personnel are involved in extortion or have injured members of the public through secret operations, or any number of other crimes. If an insider informs an Australian journalist about this, and this is then reported in the news media, it is possible for the AFP to use metadata to identify every single phone number used in contacting the journalist and to break any encryption used. And there is an actual precedent to this: the AFP has revealed they had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/jul\/09\/australian-federal-police-accessed-journalists-metadata-58-times-in-a-year\">accessed the metadata<\/a> of journalists 58 times in a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These laws allow the police to access the whistleblower\u2019s phone, computer and social media accounts, delete information about national security crimes, and add new material to frame the whistleblower for crimes they didn\u2019t commit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many journalists now recommend sources to contact them only through secure online platforms, or meet face-to-face. Even if the laws are not used, they are already having <a href=\"https:\/\/law.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0005\/3898598\/01-Ananian-Welsh,-Kendall-and-Murray-764.pdf\">a chilling effect<\/a> on Australian journalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Overt assaults on free speech<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second aspect of the government\u2019s threats to freedom is direct attacks on whistleblowers and journalists. And there are several cases that have caused an uproar in Australia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Having served in the Australian military, <a href=\"https:\/\/xenophondavis.com\/the-whistleblower-case-all-australians-need-to-know-about-nick-xenophon\/\">David McBride<\/a> reported on alleged war crimes by Australian soldiers in Afghanistan. Instead of taking heed to his report, the government charged him with revealing confidential information and took him to court. The case is ongoing. So far, no soldier allegedly involved in war crimes has been charged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrlc.org.au\/news\/2021\/4\/29\/prosecution-of-richard-boyle-highlights-urgent-need-for-whistleblower-reform\">Richard Boyle<\/a> revealed unethical debt recovery practices in the Australian Tax Office, practices that have since been stopped. However, he has been charged with numerous offenses that could lead to years in prison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2004, the governments of Australia and East Timor were negotiating a seabed treaty. Australian spy agencies bugged East Timorese government offices so that Australian negotiators could gain an advantage. A member of the bugging team, later referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2021\/jun\/18\/witness-k-should-be-shown-judicial-mercy-not-used-to-deter-others-court-told\">Witness K<\/a>, revealed the government\u2019s criminal action. More than a decade later, after a new treaty was signed, the Australian government charged Witness K with breaking official secrets. The government also charged K\u2019s lawyer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrlc.org.au\/current-news\/inside-bernard-collaerys-trial\">Bernard Collaery<\/a>, and sought to keep as much of the evidence and trial as secret as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In each of these cases, the individuals or organizations committing crimes were not prosecuted. Instead, the Australian government prosecuted individuals who revealed the crimes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2019, the AFP raided the home of journalist Annika Smethurst over a story she had reported the previous year about plans for government surveillance. The AFP also raided the headquarters of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the country\u2019s major government-funded media organization, treating journalists as criminals for doing their jobs reporting on government activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These raids triggered an unprecedented alliance of Australian media organizations, <a href=\"https:\/\/yourrighttoknow.com.au\/media-freedom\/\">Your Right to Know<\/a>, to oppose government interference with the media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How outsiders can help<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Within Australia, some people resist oppressive laws, but there are several challenges. Major media organizations are careful not to break the law, which means many abuses of power are not reported. Insiders are afraid to speak out because of heavy penalties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, people outside Australia are relatively protected because they are not subject to Australian laws. Also, outsiders sometimes have more credibility within Australia because they have nothing personal at stake. Here are a few possibilities for action in support of Australian civil liberties:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Provide personal support to <a href=\"https:\/\/aapp.ipan.org.au\/alliance-against-political-prosecutions-aapp-summary-of-prosecutions\/\">targets of attack<\/a>, for example Bernard Collaery and the journalists whose offices were raided by the police. Provide personal support to potentialtargets of attack, for example <a href=\"https:\/\/www.michaelwest.com.au\/\">independent media groups<\/a> that expose corruption in Australia. Ask them what would be helpful, such as advice, information and networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Publicize what\u2019s happening in Australia. When people outside Australia raise concerns, this often has an impact. The Australian government values its international reputation, as this affects investment, tourism, sports and much else. Australian politicians need to know that laws compromising civil liberties send a bad signal to the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Post information that cannot be safely published in Australia. When Australian media are afraid to run stories about corruption in national security organizations, publishing such stories outside the country can help oppose abuses. It also shows harmful effects of the laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Help organize a civil disobedience action to challenge anti-free-speech laws. This might involve organizing a law-breaking petition signed by Australians on the understanding that it will go public only when a target number have signed, perhaps 100 or 1,000. Organizing such a petition would be a delicate activity, safest for a person or group outside the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Be a conduit for an Australian insider who wants to speak anonymously. Imagine someone working in national security who wants to provide commentary about what\u2019s going on inside. With a secure channel, the commentary could be published on a publication outside the country. Doing this would be a sensitive operation, potentially open to disinformation and manipulation. Such a commentary \u2014 a single post or a series \u2014 would reveal information and show how difficult it is for Australians to speak out in the public interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Defending civil liberties is vitally important, as backward steps are possible at any time. Resistance to attacks on free speech is needed in Australia \u2014 and beyond.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With a dramatic rise in secrecy laws and attacks on journalism in Australia, there are many ways outsiders can support journalists and whistleblowers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":52229,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,60],"tags":[7,34,118,98,117],"region":[6],"series":[],"article_type":[],"class_list":["post-52248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-democracy","category-militarism","tag-australia","tag-free-speech","tag-journalism","tag-war","tag-whistleblowers","region-asia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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